When the child expresses unwillingness to return sexual favours, the perpetrators start making threats. The perpetrators gain control over the child in the following ways:
- encouraging the child to truant from school and fear reprisals from parents and school authorities;
- showing the child weapons in the car or on the person and keeping the child under constant threat;
- encouraging addiction to cigarettes, alcohol and drugs and making the child dependent on him to supply these;
- photographing the child performing sexual activities and threatening to publicise the images;
- involving the child in criminal activities and threatening the child with police action;
- using physical violence and threats against the child and the child’s family.